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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク History of Chester ： ウィキペディア英語版 History of Chester The history of Chester extends back nearly two millennia, covering all periods of British history in between then and the present day. The city of Chester was founded as a fort, known as ''Deva'', by the Romans in AD 79. The city was the scene of battles between warring Welsh and Saxon kingdoms throughout the post-Roman years until the Saxons strengthened the fort against raiding Danes. Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Chester came under the Earl of Chester. It became a centre of the defense against Welsh raiders and a launch point for raids on Ireland. The city grew as a trading port until the power of the Port of Liverpool overtook it. However the city did not decline and during the Georgian and Victorian periods was seen as a place of escape from the more industrial cities of Manchester and Liverpool. ==Roman== (詳細はCornovii, according to ancient cartographer Ptolemy,〔Ptolemy (1992), Book II Chapter 2〕 as a fortress during the Roman expansion north.〔Mason (2001), p. 42.〕 It was named Deva either after the goddess of the Dee,〔Salway, P. (1993) ''The Oxford Illustrated History of Roman Britain''. ISBN CN 1634〕 or directly from the British name for the river. The 'victrix' part of the name was taken from the title of the Legio XX ''Valeria Victrix'' who were based at Deva.〔Mason (2001), p. 128.〕 A civilian settlement grew around the settlement, probably starting as a group of traders and their families who were profiting from trade with the fortress.〔Mason (2001), p. 101.〕 The fortress was 20% larger than other fortresses in Britannia built around the same time at York (Eboracum) and Caerleon (Isca Augusta);〔Carrington (2002), p. 33-35.〕 this has led to the suggestion that the fortress may have been intended to become the capital of the province rather than London (Londinium).〔Carrington (2002), p. 46.〕 The civilian amphitheatre which was built in 1st century could sit between 8,000 and 10,000 people, is the largest known military amphitheatre in Britain,〔Carrington (2002), p. 54-56.〕 and is also a Scheduled Monument. The Minerva Shrine in the Roman quarry is the only rock cut Roman shrine still in situ in Britain. The fortress was garrisoned by the legion until at least the late 4th century. Although the army would have been abandoned the fortress by 410 when the Romans retreated from Britannia〔Mason (2001), p. 209-210.〕 the civilians settlement continued and its occupants probably continued to use the fortress and its defences as protection from raiders in the Irish Sea.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Chester」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.